What is the term for the police stopping a vehicle without probable cause?

The term for the police stopping a vehicle without probable cause is referred to as an unlawful stop. This is significant because the Fourth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution protects individuals from unreasonable searches and seizures, which includes restrictions on law enforcement's authority to stop vehicles. If a stop occurs without probable cause or reasonable suspicion—meaning there are no specific facts or circumstances to justify the action—it is considered unlawful.

Having a proper understanding of what constitutes a lawful stop is crucial for both law enforcement officers and the public. Unlawful stops can lead to evidence captured during those stops being inadmissible in court, and can also result in civil liability for the officers involved. The emphasis on lawful stops reinforces the importance of protecting individual rights while also allowing law enforcement to maintain public safety effectively.